Lub Cim Tseem Ceeb Amino Acid Qhov Tseem Ceeb rau Tib Neeg Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv!
L-ergothioneine yog dab tsi?
L-Ergothioneine (ERGO) yog ib qho txawv txav thio-histidine betaine amino acid nrhiav tau ib puas xyoo dhau los. Hauv tib neeg, ERGO tau pom tias muaj ntau lub hlwb thiab cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm qhov siab (100 μ M txog 2 mM)1. Tab sis tib neeg lub cev tsis synthesize ERGO, yog li yuav tsum tau txais los ntawm kev noj haus. Cov nceb noj tau yog cov khoom noj loj ntawm ERGO2. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, ERGO tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm cov zej zog kev tshawb fawb, suav nrog qee cov kws tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb suav nrog Drs. Bruce Ames, Solomon Snyder thiab Barry Halliwell, vim nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm lom neeg.
Vim li cas L-ergothioneine thiaj li tshwj xeeb?
Ib qho kev tshawb pom loj hauv xyoo 2005 pom tias ERGO hauv cov tsiaj nyeg yog coj los ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb ERGO transporter protein (ETT) OCTN1 (encoded los ntawm noob SLC22A4)3. OCTN1 tshwm sim nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm tib neeg lub cev4.
Lub xub ntiag ntawm ib qho kev thauj mus los tshwj xeeb rau ERGO uas ua rau nws muaj bioavailable thiab avidly khaws cia tau qhia tias tib neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev tau txais thiab khaws cia hauv lawv cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov khoom thauj tshwj xeeb tsis tshua muaj rau cov khoom siv tsis zoo xws li polyphenols, uas yog metabolized sai thiab tawm ntawm lub cev. ERGO yog qhov ruaj khov heev nyob rau hauv lub cev nqaij daim tawv, yog li nws tsis nkag mus rau nws pib-oxidation sai li lwm yam thiol antioxidants xws li glutathione hmoov uas tuaj yeem tsim cov dawb radicals hauv cov txheej txheem.
L-ergothioneine muaj zog Antioxidant!
ERGO tau paub ntev los ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ua antioxidant. Cov kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro thaum ntxov tau qhia txog lub peev xwm ntawm ERGO kom tshem tawm cov pa oxygen reactive thiab reactive nitrogen hom xws li hydroxyl radicals, hypochlorous acid, singlet oxygen thiab peroxynitrite. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tau sau tseg hauv xyoo tas los no qhia tias ERGO tuaj yeem ua haujlwm raws li lub cev muaj zog antioxidant thiab cytoprotectant.5. Kev faib tawm ntawm ERGO nyob rau hauv lub cev qhia tau hais tias cov compound yog nyiam nyob rau hauv lub cev thiab cov hlwb uas muaj ntau ntau oxidative kev nyuaj siab xws li daim siab, ob lub raum thiab erythrocytes. Nws tseem muaj nyob rau hauv siab concentrations nyob rau hauv mitochondria, ib tug loj qhov chaw ntawm oxidants. Tsis muaj ERGO transporter ua rau oxidative puas tsuaj rau cov proteins, lipids, thiab DNA, thiab ntau dua ntawm kev tuag hauv tib neeg lub hlwb.
Cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv ntawm L-ergothioneine
Raws li kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro thiab vivo, ERGO tau nthuav tawm lub peev xwm los hloov kho qhov mob, tiv thaiv kev mob ua pa nyuaj, tiv thaiv endothelial tsis ua haujlwm, tiv thaiv ischemia thiab reperfusion raug mob, tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau neuronal, tiv thaiv hlau dysregulation, cuam tshuam lub ntsws. thiab daim siab fibrosis, thiab txo kev puas tsuaj rau lub ntsws, ob lub raum, siab, plab hnyuv, thiab testis, nrog rau ntau lwm tus. Hauv kev tshawb nrhiav hauv Sweden uas muaj ntau dua 3200 tus txiv neej thiab poj niam laus, 1 12 plasma metabolites tau ntsuas. ERGO tau pom tias muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev txo qis ntawm CVD thiab txo cov neeg tuag tom qab 21.4 xyoo tom qab.6. Tsis ntev los no, ERGO tau thov los ntawm Dr. Halliwell raws li daim ntawv thov muaj peev xwm hauv kev kho mob ntawm COVID- 19. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua kev kho mob kom txo tau qhov mob hnyav thiab kev tuag ntawm COVID- 19, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg laus thiab cov neeg muaj mob hauv qab no.7.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm L-ergothioneine ua cov vitamin uas muaj hnub nyoog ntev
Dr. Bruce Ames tsis ntev los no tau hais tias ERGO yuav tsum raug suav hais tias yog 'ntev vitamin', raws li qhov muaj ERGO hauv tib neeg cov ntaub so ntswg, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj kev thauj mus los, nws muaj peev xwm koom nrog hauv CVD tiv thaiv, nws cov antioxidant, thiab cytoprotective kev ua ub no.8. Cov neeg Amelikas tau kwv yees siv ERGO tsawg dua (1.1 mg / hnub) dua li cov tib neeg hauv plaub lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe suav nrog Finland, Fabkis, Ireland thiab Ltalis (txog 4.6 mg / hnub hauv Ltalis). Qhov qis qis ntawm ERGO tau pom tias muaj kev sib txuam nrog ntau dua ntawm cov kab mob neurological ntev ntawm kev laus thiab kev cia siab rau lub neej.9. Tsis ntev los no, qib qis ERGO hauv plasma tau cuam tshuam nrog neurodegeneration thiab kab mob cerebrovascular hauv dementia.10.
L-ergothioneine yog cov khoom siv ua haujlwm hauv kev tu tawv nqaij
Cov kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias L-ergothioneine tiv thaiv cov hlwb ntawm daim tawv nqaij los ntawm UV-irradiation11. Cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb kuj tau pom tias L-ergothioneine nthuav tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, antioxidant, photoprotective, antimicrobial, anti-tyrosinase, anti-elastase, thiab anti-collagenase kev ua ub no. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv qhov mob hnyav ntawm daim tawv nqaij kab mob (xws li, eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, thiab psoriasis), muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab kho Hyperpigmentation.12. L-ergothioneine yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom xyaw botanical saum toj kawg nkaus siv hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev laus tam sim no hauv khw.13. Nws tau raug siv los ua "cov khoom zais cia" los ntawm ntau lub npe tshuaj pleev ib ce high-end.
Puas yog L-ergothioneine muaj kev nyab xeeb?
ERGO yog tsim los ntawm fermentation uas tsis yog-genetically hloov cov poov xab. Nws tau ua tiav Kev Pom Zoo Raws Li Kev Nyab Xeeb (GRAS) raws li txoj cai GRAS tus kheej lees paub. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb siab tau qhia tias ERGO muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg noj nyob rau theem deb tshaj ntawm cov uas yuav ntsib hauv cov khoom noj.
Thiab nws tau tshaj tawm tias muaj kev nyab xeeb los ntawm European Food Standards Agency (EFSA) txawm rau cov menyuam yaus, cev xeeb tub thiab pub niam mis.14.
Kev siv
1. Cheah, IK; Halliwell, B., Ergothioneine; antioxidant muaj peev xwm, physiological muaj nuj nqi thiab lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov kab mob. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012, 1822 (5), 784-93.
2. Beelman, RB; Kalaras, MD; Richie, JP, Jr., Micronutrients thiab Bioactive Compounds hauv Mushrooms: Daim ntawv qhia rau kev noj qab haus huv? Nutr Hnub no 2019, 54 (1), 16-22.
3. Grundemann, D.; Harlfinger, S.; Golz, S.; Geerts, A.; Lazar, UA; Berkels, R.; Jung, N.; Rubbert, UA; Schomig, E., Discovery of the ergothioneine transporter. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005, 10 (14), 5256-61.
4. Halliwell, B.; Chaw, IK; Nruas, C Ergothioneine, ib qho kev hloov pauv antioxidant rau kev tiv thaiv cov ntaub so ntswg raug mob? Ib tug hypothesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016, 470 (2), 245-250.
5. Borodina, ib.; Kenny, LC; McCarthy, CM; Paramasivan, K.; Pretorius, E.; Roberts, TJ; van der Hoek, SA; Kell, DB, Biology ntawm ergothioneine, antioxidant nutraceutical. Nutr Res Rev 2020, 1-28.
6. Smith, E.; Ottosson, F.; Hellstrand, S.; Ericson, UA; Orho-Melander, M.; Fernandez, C.; ib. Melander, O., Ergothioneine yog txuam nrog txo kev tuag thiab txo kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob plawv. Heart 2020, 106 (9), 691-697.
7. Chaw, IK; Halliwell, B., Ergothioneine puas tuaj yeem pab kho cov neeg mob Coronavirus? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020, 9 (7), 595.
8. Ames, BN, ncua kev laus noj qab haus huv: Ntev ntev cov vitamins thiab proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2018, 1 15 (43), 10836-10844.
9. Beelman, RB; Kalaras, MD; Phillips, AW; Richie, JP, Jr., Puas yog ergothioneine yog 'vitamin ntev' txwv hauv Asmeskas noj? J Nutr Sci 2020, 9, e52.
10. Wu, LY; Chaw, IK; Chaw, JR; Chai, YL; Tan, JY; Hilal, S.; Vrooman, H.; Chen, CWJ; Halliwell, IB; Lai, MKP, Low plasma ergothioneine theem yog txuam nrog neurodegeneration thiab kab mob cerebrovascular hauv dementia. Dawb Radic Biol Med 2021, 177, 201-211.
11. Bazela, K.; Solyga-Zurek, A.; Debowska, R.; Rogiewicz, K.; Bartnik, E.; Eris, I., L-Ergothioneine tiv thaiv cov hlwb ntawm daim tawv nqaij tiv thaiv UV-induced puas tsuaj - kev tshawb fawb ua ntej. Cosmetics 2014, 1 (1), 51-60.
12. Taofiq, O.; Barreiro, IB; Ferreira, I., Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm bioactive compounds thiab lwm yam metabolites los ntawm nceb tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij - Kev tshuaj xyuas kev soj ntsuam xyuas lawv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cosmetic thiab nutricosmetic. Curr Med Chem 2020, 27 (41), 6926-6965.
13. Cronin, H.; Draelos, ZD, Sab saum toj 10 botanical cov khoom xyaw hauv 2010 anti-aging cream. J Cosmet Dermatol 2010, 9 (3), 218-25.
14. Turck D, Bresson JL, Burlingame B, et al. Nqe lus hais txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm hluavtaws l-ergothioneine raws li cov khoom noj tshiab - kev noj zaub mov ntxiv thiab kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb rau cov menyuam mos thiab menyuam yaus, cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab pub niam mis. EFSA Journal 2017, 15(11), e05060.